Sunday, 27 July 2025

Who Touched My Chocolate? A Domestic Mystery

 A sweet mystery with a hard centre

“Every contact leaves a trace.”
Can that be true for chocolate, too? Apparently, yes — at least in my case.

Two weeks ago, a friend messaged me saying he was sending a chocolate gift hamper. Nothing came for days. I thought he must’ve forgotten. But still, I was happy — even being told that chocolate is coming was enough. That message gave me more comfort than most of my small-cap funds.

Every time I stepped out of the house, I’d tell my wife:
“A chocolate box might arrive. Please collect it.”

She’d nod at first. Then, one day, she lost her patience:
“Enough of this chocolate story! If it’s that valuable, I’ll keep it in the locker. Is it gold-plated?”

And then, with rising suspicion:
“Or did the chocolate decide to walk here on its own?”
I stared at her and was confused.
She continued:
“If it had legs and walked ten kilometres a day, it would've reached by now.”
And the final blow:
“Maybe your ex sent it — with a black magic topping.”

What could I say? Especially to someone who thinks a Munch bar and a Mutual Fund are the same type of investment.

She even reminded me:
“You never touched the chocolates my brother brought from the USA. But this one — you’re worshipping it like a prasaadam!”

Maybe she wondered, "This man, who avoided sweets for years, suddenly has cravings like a child in a supermarket?"

Thanks to this chocolaty suspense, the peaceful atmosphere of the house melted like, well… chocolate in the sun.

Still, I didn’t give up. In soft tones, I told the kids:
“Your dad is getting a gift hamper. And your mom’s jealous.”

Finally, the day came.

I wasn’t home when the box arrived. My wife received it without a word. When I returned, I saw the box sitting silently, neglected, in a corner — like a radio in a house that has just welcomed a  smart TV.

“Bring a knife!” I declared.
“And record the unboxing. We’re going viral.”

I explained how to hold the camera, where the light should fall, how dramatic the angle should be...

And then we opened it.

Yes, there was chocolate inside. But wait — only half a chocolate. The rest was missing. And the half that remained was rewrapped in its original foil with the innocence of a crime scene cover-up.
Worse — the box was smeared with clumps of hard cream, dried like hardened guilt. Hopes crashed like an IPO listing at a discount.

My wife looked at me with disdain — the same face I make when the Sensex crashes.

Before I could say anything, she took a close-up of her expression, ended the video, and posted it with lightning speed.
I was still examining the box. Scene closed.

Now, the Sherlock Holmes in me awoke. Sadly, no Dr. Watson to back me.
But
years of experience as an investigation officer kicked in. Who did the tampering? Where? When? Doesn’t matter. Some mysteries are better left unchewed.

This odd little incident reminded me of something else.
That quote — “Every contact leaves a trace” — came from Dr. Edmond Locard, the father of forensic science. His Exchange Principle says: when two things come in contact, they transfer a bit of themselves to each other.
Just like your footprints on the shore. And the sand on your feet.

 The box had clearly been opened — and poorly rewrapped. Even a clever thief is forced to leave some evidence.

The same rule applies to work.

When you work with sincerity, you leave behind a legacy — something that says “I was here.” A job done well carries your signature. People remember you.

But some people? They come, eat snacks, watch live test cricket, and leave. No trace. No change. Not even Locard can help them. 



Sunday, 13 July 2025

Same Boat, Same Sea, Same time, Different Price: Who Decides the Worth of a Fish?

 Imagine this: both of us set sail on the same fishing boat, heading into the same stretch of sea at the same time. We share the same weather, the same distance, the same effort, and return to the same shore.

I haul in 50 kg of sardines. You bring back 50 kg of mackerel. Both are fresh, edible, and have a strong demand in the domestic market.

But here comes the twist — back at the shore, our catch is priced differently.

Why?

The sea didn't discriminate. The time, energy, and risks we took were identical. But the moment we landed, the market started speaking a different language — the language of perceived value.

Who fixes the price?

In most coastal fish landing centres in India, there is no fixed authority controlling fish prices. Instead, prices are determined through a mix of open bidding, auctioneers, and the tug-of-war between supply and demand. Middlemen, wholesalers, and exporters gather at the shore, inspecting the catch, calculating the going market rates, and placing their bids.

This live, competitive process quickly translates into the price tag your fish gets.

What are the yardsticks?

Several invisible but powerful yardsticks influence this price difference:

  • Consumer Demand: Mackerel (Ayala) might be more in demand today — maybe it's a preferred choice in hotels, or there’s an export consignment waiting.
  • Supply Level: If dozens of boats came back with sardines that morning, the market is flooded. Even a good catch earns less due to oversupply.
  • Export Potential: Mackerel often has a better market abroad. Exporters are willing to pay more for fish that fetch higher prices internationally.
  • Perishability: Sardines spoil quickly. Buyers take that into account while quoting prices.
  • Fish Size & Appearance: Larger fish, shinier scales, and a firmer body? Better price. It’s visual economics at play.
  • Cultural Preference: In Kerala, for instance, some regions have a cultural preference for mackerel. That can skew prices based on local food habits.

Same effort, different reward — is it fair?

It feels unfair at first. We both sweated equally. But markets don’t reward effort — they reward value as the end consumer perceives.

This is not unique to fishing. Think of farmers: One harvests rice, another grows saffron. Both face the sun, rain, and toil in their fields, but the market value of their crop yield is vastly different. Field produce like rice or wheat may fetch only a modest price per kilogram, while niche agro-products like cardamom or vanilla command a premium.

It’s not just about effort — it’s about what the market values.

The bigger reflection


This little tale from the seashore teaches us something about life:

“It’s not always the journey that sets the price, but the story the product tells — its demand, uniqueness, and the value others place on it.”

In your work, your creativity, your time — learn to ask not just how much you’ve done, but how much your output is worth to others. Effort matters, but perceived value defines your price.

And sometimes, the difference between sardine and mackerel is just… perception.

Wednesday, 26 June 2024

From Traditional Savings to Smart Investing: My Journey with Mutual Funds

 My savings were all traditional. Insurance was thought to be a great savings plan in the early days. A lot of investment was made that way. My other investments were in Fixed Deposits (FD) and Provident Funds (PF) in my early career days. I did not know any other way of saving beyond this. It was then that I came to know about US 64 Mutual Fund. As there was no computer, internet or other facilities like today, it was from some news in a newspaper or magazine. Then came SBI and other financial institutions with mutual fund investment. After 1993, many mutual funds came, but some did not give the intended benefits. Some wrong selections on my part also contributed to it. Since 2000 I have steadily increased my investments in mutual funds. I studied various plans well and made investments. Today most of my investments are in mutual funds. SIP takes care of not getting stuck and adding a fixed percentage every year.

Everyone has their own financial needs and goals. Therefore, the method of earning will also be different. You may want to own a house or a car or pay for your children's higher education or get a pension after retirement. These can be short-term, medium-term and long-term goals. These goals determine the amount of savings you should accumulate and how you should invest it.

Also, traditional investments may not live up to our expectations due to rising inflation and other costs. This is where investing in mutual funds comes in handy. Whatever the objectives, mutual funds are there to fulfill them. Whether you are a conservative or aggressive investor, have short-term, medium-term and long-term goals, whether you want to invest small or large amounts, mutual funds have something for everyone. Different types of mutual funds with different investment objectives can be used to reach your goals. It is the choice that matters most.

Thus, mutual funds become an important step towards achieving financial goals. Remember, mutual funds are always good for those who choose the most suitable fund and invest in it with precision.



Friday, 8 March 2024

Cruelty to loved ones?

 Raising a pet can bring us joy and act as a therapeutic method to relieve mental tension. Dogs, cats, parrots, and other animals are common pets. While cats are usually allowed to roam free, birds are kept in cages, and dogs are often chained up. Caged or not, no other creature adores humans more. Their love is unbounded. For dogs, their universe revolves around their masters. Humans are responsible for treating our pets fairly and not causing them pain or discomfort.





Unfortunately, some people keep their pets alone, denying them the opportunity to communicate and share their instincts with others. This is a cruel practice, as pets need companionship and a dignified life. Castration is sometimes used to change a pet's behaviour, even by those who claim to love their pets. This is a form of cruelty that should not be allowed.

As pet lovers, we are responsible for ensuring that our pets live happy, healthy lives. If you cannot afford to have more than one pet, it is better not to have one at all. Let's work together to create a world where pets are treated with the respect and compassion they deserve.

Sunday, 26 November 2023

Kill, with kindness.

 Eating fish is very common. Even some vegetarians secretly eat fish. Many delicious dishes are made from fish. But sometimes fishing turns into a wild pastime. Fish would say this if they could talk to us.

Here it refers to the method of catching fish with bait. With a very sharp metal bait, the fish catches any prey it likes. The bait is then pushed around in the water to catch the attention of the fish. The fish devours this prey, mistaking it for food. The sharp bait tears the fish's tongue during this effort.

Sometimes it is not only the tongue, but the fish's jaw also opens and the bait comes out. What cruel fishing this is. Kill it, but why hurt the fish mortally? Don't you want an end to this?

Those who go on trips may also have bait in their hands. Someone recalls baiting while having fun near the sea. ie Remember to bait only when everyone is happy. See how much this behaviour that promotes us harms that dumb animal. They may catch large fish by hooking living tiny critters or fish. Cruelty, is your name human?

A person makes the decision on what to eat. But consider how much anguish other species go through for that. Not that you should stop eating fish, but you should kill and consume them with care and kindness.



Friday, 9 December 2022

YAKSHI


Yakshi are all terms for fictitious female beings that can take on human form and terrify people. However, they are not actually true.

Yakshi is thought to be a class of otherworldly creatures. Yakshi is described in the Puranas as companions of Mahalakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth, and the female form of Yaksha. According to an ancient myth, Yakshis are both the saviours of individual locations and the saviours of temples. For this reason, Yakshis are positioned as a deity next to the goddess in the sub-deity notion in old Kerala goddess temples. Fairy

Some folks assume that the various living things and supernatural entities found in our cosmos, which also includes the earth, include gods, asuras, yakshas, humans, demons, gandharvas, Apsaras, and nagas from the Puranas. Many of these are claimed to resemble humans in terms of appearance yet possess magical abilities and superhuman strength. The ruler of the Yakshas is Ravana's older brother Vaishravana, also known as Kubera. They have great wealth. Nagayakshis are the female names for Nagas. They are also Keralite idols. The male classes of yakshas are also referred to as Gandharvas.

It is believed that everyone who is not human has the capacity to travel to any of the fourteen worlds, including heaven and hell. Only people who have died can enter this place!  Your require assistance from someone if you wish to travel safely.many are familiar with the legend of the Yakshis and the marriage of Shivaparvati.

Mahalakshmi was in charge of making Goddess Parvati ready for her wedding to Lord Shiva in the Himalayas, as well as other tasks. The yakshis, who served as the goddess Lakshmi's attendants, were instructed to go to away places and bring back holy items. The yakshis who travelled to Kerala stayed there fascinated by the area's stunning natural surroundings. They were reminded of the goddess's mandate near to the time of the marriage . They stayed in the goddess shrines nearby, out of concern that if they were late, Goddess Lakshmi would curse them. According to a legend, Yakshi Pratishtha is present in the majority of our temples for this reason.

Some cultures revere and venerate young ladies who have died at the hands of noble men, especially pregnant women, as Yakshis. Temples are also present in various locations. One could argue that those who did not receive justice while they were living are granted it, once they pass away. Yakshis from television shows and movies aren't ghosts with their hair pulled back, terrorising us like they did when we were kids. They all have a Goddess Lakshmi counterpart, but not a Goddess Shakti counterpart. It is really lovely.

The reason for giving the yakshis a scary look is that some intelligent priests and temple administrators should have spread the word that there are yakshis in that area, and they will catch people and eat them so that the ornaments and valuables kept in the temple are not stolen. Anyway, that's it. Some of us still believe in fairies in this century.

 

 

 

 

Tuesday, 30 August 2022

Malabar Express- The ugly face of Southern Railway

 How do customers feel when dealing with India's largest public sector organisation? Charges might go up or service might get worse. There are other approaches like this. Are you interested in knowing how Indian Railways penalize its 2A passengers? Perhaps determining whether a Z-shaped spine bend is possible in the passengers. Otherwise, it might deter people from reserving a side lower berth. It is a ‘stunning’ experience to travel 14 hours in the 16630 Malabar Express from Kerala's northernmost to southernmost locations. We might be shocked to discover a security measure put in place by the railways to keep travellers awake at night. Cannot be certain.

The side seat's reclining sides are straightened and transformed into a sleeping bed. In essence, it consists of two elements. Naturally, you can rest soundly if these parts are on the same level. The Malabar Express's 2A class carries the highest fare. The side-lower bed has a 5.5 cm height difference between the two halves. In other words, there is a 5.5 cm variation in level when a passenger is lying down. If this is a regular change, there won't be a problem. However, a sudden change of 5.5 cm with protruding metallic elements and a space between two parts keeps the passenger on edge constantly.

Travelling became difficult for me, who is on the wrong side of the fifties. A young man sat next to me. His hair has grown long, and he is wearing a new shirt. One who thought it was cool to grow his hair long. He appeared to enjoy the journey. He spent the evening eating chapattis and staring at his phone. He might not be aware of the difficulty in the seat because I had adjusted it to the maximum. He was nowhere to be found when dawn broke. He must have gotten off at a station late at night.

Indian Railways makes extensive use of cutting-edge technologies. Its signalling system is supported by a highly advanced technical backup. All of this is done to ensure that the passengers have a safe and enjoyable trip. For the aforementioned seat issue, a screwdriver is all that is required. Putting the coach attendants and their managers in this seat, make them also feel "comfortable." The officers who transfer money to contractors without performing any work ought to be restrained to such beds. Let them encounter these "comfortable" as well. Missing such things while investing tens of millions in renovating the trains is reckless.

#malabarexpress #southernrailways #indianrailways #acinsouthernrailway                                                                                                                                                                                                                  #travelintrain





Thursday, 9 June 2022

                         Tamperfinder’s Analysis
                                                    A channel with a purpose and reason


https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsGkQqRtORgf6QhhYJY7Vew


A new world is unfolding and

A brand new scenario where your curiosity is aroused ……

Questions are asked to facilitate your finding a solution

Thoughts are provoked………………

Friends

I’m Dr G Sreenivasan

Presenting the youtube channel Tamperfinder’s Analysis

Look around ….how wonderful the world it is

Stone has a story ….Storm has another story 

Clouds have a cause…Flood has a reason

Blood has something yet to reveal

The winding coil has a principle

The sliding child has quite another

This channel opens up a new world where it touches everything and anything

Science, history, engineering, Space, animal behaviour, and whatnot

Of course, the channel helps you keep entertained too

Facts with fun and Funny facts are explained while certain other facts are  Hard to believe.

Ask questions, clear your queries Know the world we live in

Follow the stars …follow the rivers Let’s watch the nature closely

Keep Company with so many living things

This channel is going to be a different one …informative, interactive and make you think and move ahead

Many baseless theories are exposed

It has Everything that keeps you engaged and widens your horizon of knowledge

Yes, Tamperfinder’s Analysis will be an eye-opener and a brain puzzler.

It is for all of you …no… for all of us

Interesting days are ahead with infotainment and mythologies explained scientifically through the new channel Tamperfinder’s Analysis.

A YouTube channel with a purpose and reason.

Appearing with more interesting topics

wait for

 Tamperfinder’s Analysis

A channel with a purpose and reason


Tuesday, 26 April 2022

COVID COUPLES

 He did appear in the first wave of Covid, exhausted. It's clear from his stomach that he hasn't eaten anything for a long time. In a matter of days, we became friends. He began to notice me in the distance. He was constantly lying near the gate. As soon as the gate is opened, he will enter with authority. We became friends who never returned to the street after being fed or full. I began buying him special foods. In the meantime, a few stores have opened. He moved to a nearby hotel for a better life. Maybe they liked him as well. All I want is for him to be able to eat wherever he wants in the world. As soon as I get close enough to where he's lying, he'll come closer and smell me. He is now a full-fledged ‘employee’ of the hotel.

 



 She appeared in the midst of the omicron wave. Her stomach was empty and hanging down. She eats very little. I discovered that one of her eyes is blind. This is most likely a bite from another dog. I've been feeding her for about 2-3 months. Her fears, however, have not changed. She usually runs, eats, and runs back. It will take some time to adjust. Occasionally, we are joined by her 2-to3 friends. It's a trying time for me and she is never fed on those times. She can only keep an eye on what they eat. I put her inside the gate and fed her and the remainder to her friends.

 She would appear whenever I rushed out the door to go somewhere. If she's hungry and I'm not in the mood to go anywhere. I've been feeding her for about 2-3 months. Her fears, however, have not changed. She runs, eats, and then runs back. Is this world and its food only for humans? Not at all. Every living thing has the right to live, eat, and lead a decent life.

Saturday, 8 August 2020

My tropical apple tree

 

                                    When I was a toddler, I dreamt of having an apple tree in courtyard of my home. Every morning or whenever I’m hungry, I would climb on it, pluck one or two and eat it then and there. Many times I wondered why my parents are interested in paddy, plantain, tapioca etc and not in apple cultivation. In those days we could purchase apple when go to town which was quite infrequent, and for any special purpose. All the life requirements are met in the village itself.

                                               In those days Soviet Union, and Soviet land magazines from the erstwhile Soviet Union, circulated across the world until the disintegration of the USSR. Those were subscribed at home. India was the mighty Soviet Union’s best friend. Russian magazines and books had some bearing on the reading habits of Indians a great deal, especially in Kerala. These magazines seldom talked about politics but rather focused on life and culture. The colorful photos of apple farms in Soviet Union along with apple coloured girls attracted me those days.

                            When I realized that no apple tree can be grown in the part of my country where I lived,  because  of no  cold and wet climate,   no  cold winter followed by cool spring and summer, I thought of planting another tree  ie guava, whose fruit is packed with vitamin C, and is prized for its delicious flavor. This tropical wonder produces nearly four times the vitamin C of oranges, in fact! The leaves are used medicinally and are aromatic when crushed. And the tree’s bark is fascinating, too.

                                                         


Now, every morning I can have one ripe guava fruit and after lunch also I take a few. My long cherished dream of having an apple tree in courtyard have come true with a slight change due to tropical climatic condition prevailing in my locality, a Guava tree –The tropical apple tree.

Sunday, 26 July 2020

Street dogs and Covid-19

                                         The worst affected animals due to Covod-19 pandemic are street dogs .As hotels and shops closed due to locked down in Thiruvananthapuram, their only source of food stopped and the pandemic hit hard on them. In my locale, I could see a a number of street dogs, sleeping infront of hotel expecting it to be opened at any time. Many have gone to skeleton type due to starvation. Once in a while, the passers offer them some food even that too is stopped due to triple lockdown, The life of  these animals have moved from frying pan to fire.




                                                  Though the local self Govt in Kerala has a plan to feed stray monkeys and dogs, the effort are seen insufficient as evident from the dogs as many have  become bony only. When I proceed for evening walk, I carry food for 1-2 dogs with water also. By the time I finish my walk, I could see the packets completely finished or cleaned and nothing is left. Though they keep a distance to me while offering food, all identify me as they come together on seeing me at a far distance. Yesterday, a street dog come to home in search of me and I found her accidently when I opened the gate, waiting for a long time for food. I fed her and later proceeded for my walk which she followed me till her 'boundary' and waited there till I returned back, Again I gave her some food. It has some small wounds on leg and nose which I think will heal once proper food is taken. Now, I have to invariably carry rice, cream, bread, cake and water when I proceed for walk as many are waiting for my presence.


Friday, 9 August 2019

From Little boy to Fat man


               On August 6, 1945, the Enola gay bomber flew above Hiroshima and dropped Little boy, a Uranium- 235 bomb. The pilot Paul Warfield Tibbets  pressed the button just 1900 feet above the ground, and  Enola gay  turned out to be the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb.
                      Little Boy was ready for delivery by July 31. On August 2, Hiroshima was specified as the primary target, with Kokura and Nagasaki as alternates. The raid was set for August 6. Kyoto was also in the list but spared as one of US leaders spent honeymoon there!
It was 8.15AM
                         Little boy has 3-metre length and 4400 kg in weight. It took away the lives of more than one lakh people around 13Kms and turned the area to ash. The city, boiled at 2500 degree Centigrade. The half-burnt people rushed in panic and crawled as the city turned to a graveyard.46% people died due to heavy radiation. The bomber turned to a 180° and ran away as fast as it could. The crew could see a bright flash. Shortly after that, the first shock wave hit the plane. It returned to Tinian Island, the base station.
 Three days  later, US again dropped, this time, Fatman  in Nagasaki, the other town in Japan. Boxcar, sometimes called Bock's Car, the United States Army Air Forces B-29 bomber dropped  Fat Man, nuclear weapon over the Japanese city of Nagasaki 

Why Hiroshima?
                          Hiroshima was selected as the main target since it had remained largely intact by bombing raids, and the bomb's special effects could be clearly calculated. It was believed that bombing an urban area might break the fighting will of the Japanese people. Hiroshima was a major port and a military headquarters, and therefore a strategic target. Also, visual bombing, rather than radar, would be used so that photographs of the damage could be taken! Since Hiroshima had not been seriously harmed by bombing raids till then, these photographs could present a quite apparent depiction of the bomb's damage.
Sadako Sasaki affected radiation at the age of two. She was two kilometres away from where the bomb exploded. Most of Sadako's neighbours died, but Sadako wasn't injured at all. But later developed acute leukaemia after being exposed to radiation during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. There was a belief that making of 1000 paper cranes would get her wishes. In the hospital bed, she could complete 644 only, balance completed by her friends and buried all with her.
                                I had a chance to visit Hiroshima. From my station in Nagoya, it was a long journey passing through Tokyo, by bullet train. Though public transport is excellent service in Japan, it’s also expensive. When I expressed my wish to visit Hiroshima, my host was insensitive and surprised to know that she has never been in there, nor aware of the cause that led to this tragedy. So is the case of many youngsters there. I think Japan has nothing against the other countries they battled in the war and they just want a world of peace.
                                        










                          After, Hiroshima-Nagasaki, nuclear weapons are not used for war. However, there are bombs much stronger than Little boy and Fatman with many countries.
Today is August 9
The Nagasaki day

Saturday, 27 July 2019

CRUELTY, THY NAME IS MAN.

Sundaran & Sundari — The Pride of P. S. Colony
Acts of unkindness to flora and fauna are not a mere sign of a minor behaviour defect in the abuser; they are indicative of a profound mental illness. Research in criminology shows that the public who commit acts of cruelty to animals don’t stop there—many of them move on to their fellow humans. Murderers very often begin the trial by killing and torturing animals.
Violent and aggressive criminals are more likely to have abused animals as children than criminals who are considered non-aggressive. A survey of psychiatric patients who had tortured dogs found that all of them had high levels of hostility toward the public as well. It is believed that 100% of sexual homicide, offenders had a history of animal cruelty and a variety of serial killers and rapists.
A stray dog is best suitable for the climatic conditions of the place where you live which means they seldom fall sick. They don't require any medical expenses and grooming like brushing, shampooing or special dog food and tonics that a pedigree dog will need. A Street dog is just as much loyal, playful, caring, loving, and just as protective as any other rare breed. They will die protecting your family and will never hurt anyone in your house. For a colony stray dog, that colony is its family.
                      SUNDARAN [Mr. Handsome] and SUNDARI [Ms. Pretty] are the two lovable street dogs in P. SColony at Sabarigiri Hydroelectric ProjectMoozhiyar, India, a project conceived by Allis Chalmers  - A Canadian Company- way back in the 1960s. Sundaran and Sundari are two ‘inmates’ of the colony with all residents as their family members. They used to roam everywhere in the colony which adjoins with thick forest inhabiting wild animals and venomous snakes. Occasionally, these wild animals and snakes enter the colony, creating panic among residents. Sundaran and Sundari bark at them with all might and alert their masters about the unauthorized entry. They join us when proceeding on a morning walk and rush on seeing us from far distance. They were omnipresent. They don’t mind coming to quarters for having food and always sleep at the center of colony road and politely move to the side when a vehicle comes.
             Both Sundaran and Sundari died last week. It is believed that some anti-social elements, who do not like the free will that both Sundaran and Sundari enjoy, might have poisoned them. They had no malice towards anybody, even to their killers.RIP 

Sunday, 14 July 2019

Credit card-A great development of forgetfulness.

Credit cards are everywhere. Almost 70% transaction in Japan is through Credit cards. With the Olympics in the offing, the usage of ‘plastic money’ is getting more popular. The word credit comes from Latin, meaning “trust”. When you sell something to another person, but give them time to pay, you trust them to pay you back.  How did the idea of the first credit card start? Which was the first credit card? How credit cards have evolved? When was the first credit card introduced in India? The modern credit cards we all know grew in popularity in the 1950s, when banks started issuing them, but the concept of creating a physical object whose holder should be extended credit goes back well into the 19th century. The most common pre-plastic credit instruments were ‘charge plates’, celluloid “coins” and ‘charge coins’.



‘Charge plates’, often called ‘Charge-Plates’, are the predecessors to credit cards. Used until the early ’60s, charge plates are made of aluminium or white metal plates. They are about the size of a dog tag and are embossed with the customer’s name and address. Charge-plates were issued mostly by department stores, but also by a few oil companies and store associations. They were sometimes kept in the stores and retrieved by the clerk when an authorized user made a purchase. Between 300 and 500 different ones are estimated to exist.
‘Charge coins’ are believed to have been first issued around 1865. At first, they were made of celluloid, which is an early form of plastic. Later ones were made of copper, aluminium, steel or white metal, which is when they became known as charge coins. They came in various shapes and not all were round; some were triangular and others had unique shapes. These credit pieces were also mainly issued by department stores, and usually displayed the customer’s identification number and an image connected with the merchant.
      John Biggins introduced a card that allowed customers to charge purchases from local merchants in his neighbourhood. Customers had to have an account at Biggins' the bank where the charge was forwarded. His bank covered the cost and then got payment from the customer. Customers had to have an account at Biggins' bank where the charge was forwarded. His bank covered the cost and then got payment from the customer. This is a major development in the history of the credit card
Frank McNamara created a Diners' Club card — a small piece of cardboard used to charge entertainment and travel expenses — after forgetting his wallet at a business lunch. This was the first credit card in widespread use. ‘He wines and dines without ever spending cash’ This  was the advertisement of Diners Club in 1960s.Plastic was used to make an American Express charge card, which required payments in full at the end of the month. PVC plastic soon replaced the cardboard or thin, paper-like celluloid used in its contemporaries.
1976As Bank America card expanded to other countries, it adopted the name Visa to reflect its reach. 981American Airlines was the first to roll out a rewards program for frequent flyers. The credit card market in India started out in 1981 when Visa issued the card. Andhra Bank was the pioneer of credit cards in India. The EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa) chip was developed and launched in Europe, providing more security. Now the technology has caught on in the World. Today, Card issuers continue to work tirelessly to increase security and protect holders’ personal information. 
The Interbank Card Association worked with banks in Mexico, Europe and Japan. To reflect the global banks involved, the association changed its name to MasterCard. Driven by the prevalence of credit card fraud in the '60s, IBM rolled out the magnetic stripe in a pilot project with American Airlines and American Express. The magnetic stripe, which stored the credit card's data, was unveiled at O'Hare Airport in Chicago


Sunday, 23 June 2019

The Gopher tree


                     "Gopher trees" can be seen in Gavi, Kerala, India and believed to be the only such trees in India. The tree, which is identified as gopher, is known as nirampalli. Gopher wood or gopher wood is a term used once in the Bible for the substance from which Noah's
                      ark was built. Genesis 6:14 states that Noah was to build the Ark of gofer.
Gopher is the Hebrew word translated “cypress wood”. This is an unknown type of material, although it undoubtedly refers to some sort of coniferous tree thought to possess great strength and durability. Cypress was often used by shipbuilders in the ancient Near East. Similarly, the cedars of Lebanon were prized by the Egyptians for the construction of their barques for transport on the Nile, for instance in the eleventh century B.C
Many modern scholars consider “gopher wood” to be cypress because cypress wood is extremely durable. Modern English versions of the Bible, such as the New International Version, the New Living Translation, and the New English Translation translate it as “cypress wood.” The Smith Bible Dictionary defines gopher as “any trees of the resinous kind, such as pine, fir, or cypress.”
Gopher wood", far stronger than anything we have today. The strength of seasoned timber is related to density. A dense timber simply has more stuff in it, cellulose, lignin etc, built into heavier-walled cells.
There is a Gopher tree near to my workplace in Gavi, Pathanamthitta, Kerala